Nuanced grammar: full inversion patterns, advanced cleft and fronting structures, complex passive forms (passive infinitive, passive -ing), subjunctive uses, advanced modality and hedging, idiom and collocation density. Discourse markers and academic register; writing tasks include 250+ word essays, proposals, reports, formal letters. Reading focuses on long-form journalism, opinion pieces, and short literary extracts. Speaking emphasises spontaneous discussion, presentations, and the "Real World" video segments (authentic unscripted speakers).
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